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Study on multiple causes of bloat was started in about 1998 and ended in 2004. These are highlights:

Nutrient Intake and Bloat
CONTENTS OF FOOD AND BLOAT
Malathi Raghavan, DVM, MS; Lawrence T. Glickman, VMD, DrPH; Nita W.Glickman, MS, MPH; Diana B. Schellenberg*,


Dietary risk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs were identified using a nested case-control study. Of 1991 dogs from 11 large- and giant-breeds in a previous prospective study of GDV, 106 dogs that developed GDV were selected as cases while 212 remaining dogs were randomly selected as controls. A complete profile of nutrient intake was constructed for each dog based on owner-reported information, published references and nutrient databases. Potential risk factors were examined for a significant relationship with GDV risk using unconditional logistic regression.

The study confirmed previous reports of increased risks of GDV associated with increasing age, having a first-degree relative with GDV, and having a raised food bowl. New significant findings included a 2.7-fold (or 170%) increased risk of GDV in dogs that consumed dry foods containing fat among the first four ingredients.

The risk of GDV was increased 4.2-fold (or 320%) in dogs that consumed dry foods containing citric acid that were also moistened prior to feeding by owners. Dry foods containing a rendered meat meal with bone among the first four ingredients significantly GDV risk by 53.0%.

Approximately 30% of all cases of GDV in this study could be attributed to consumption of dry foods containing fat among their first four ingredients, while 32% could be attributed to consumption of owner-moistened dry foods that also contained citric acid. These findings can be used by owners to reduce their dogs' risk of GDV. This manuscript has been accepted for publication in the Journal of the Animal Hospital Association.

Diet-Related Risk Factors for Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in Dogs of High-Risk Breeds

FINDINGS: VOLUME OF FOOD FED Malathi Raghavan, DVM, PhD Nita Glickman, MS, MPH George McCabe, PhDGary Lantz, DVMLawrence T. Glickman, VMD, DrPH

From the Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology, (Raghavan, N. Glickman, L. Glickman), Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Lantz), and Statistics (McCabe),Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2027.